Adrengergic agonist therapy and emerging acupuncture targets in asthma: A review of mechanisms and therapeutic implications
肾上腺素受体激动剂与针刺抗哮喘新靶标:哮喘治疗的回顾与启示

Jin LU (卢进)^a, Jun-tao FENG (冯俊涛)^b, Lei-miao YIN (尹磊淼) ^c, Yong-qing YANG (杨永清)^d

^a Institute of Science, Technology and Humanities, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China (上海中医药大学科技人文研究院，上海 201203，中国)

^b Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine，Xiangya Hospital，Central South University, Hunan 410011 China (中南大学湘雅医院呼吸与危重症医学科，湖南 410011，中国)

^c Shanghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201800, China (上海市中医医院，上海 201800，中国)

^d Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China (上海中医药大学上海市针灸经络研究所，上海 200030，中国)

Abstract

he development of adrenergic agonists (AAs) for asthma has provided important mechanistic insights into acupuncture-based target discovery and treatment strategies. This review describes the historical evolution of AA therapy, including the precise optimization of nonselective to β₂-selective agonists, improvement from short-acting to ultra-long-acting agents, shift from targeted monotherapy to combination regimens, and alterations in drug formulation. Additionally, this review summarizes recent advances in acupuncture treatment for asthma, including the development of novel targeted therapies, application of acupuncture-based combination regimens, and optimization of the mode of administration. Taken together, this article discusses key insights from research on AA that inform acupuncture approaches, with a focus on: (1) precision targeting: identifying acupuncture-specific targets to improve efficacy; (2) synergistic treatment: employing multi-target combination regimens to enhance therapeutic outcomes; (3) formulation innovation: advancing acupuncture delivery methods to improve patient compliance; and (4) evidence-based development: strengthening clinical research to generate high-quality evidence to inform the discovery of novel targets and treatment strategies for asthma.

【摘要】

肾上腺素受体激动剂治疗哮喘的发展历程，为针灸在哮喘新靶标发现及治疗方面提供了多维度启示。本文回顾了肾上腺素受体激动剂治疗哮喘的发展历程，包括从非选择性受体激动剂到β2受体激动剂的精准定位、从短效到超长效受体激动剂的效果改进、从单靶点药到靶点药物的联合使用以及剂型的改变。同时梳理了当前针灸治疗哮喘的进展，如新型靶标药物、针灸联合用药及用药方式探索。在此基础上，还探讨了肾上腺素受体激动剂的发展对针刺治疗哮喘的启示，包括应注重（1）精准化靶向：明确针刺作用靶点以提升治疗效能；（2）协同化治疗：多靶点联合用药以增强疗效；（3）便捷化改良：推动针刺剂型创新以提高患者依从性；（4）循证化发展：加强临床研究以积累高质量证据，以期为针灸治疗哮喘新靶标和新方法研发提供参考和思路。