杨　峰, 朱　玲²

（1 中国中医科学院针灸研究所, 北京　100700； 2 中国中医科学院中医药信息研究所，北京　100700）

摘要：古代针灸文献内容丰富，分布散在，以往对其研究多采用传统的文献、理论研究方法，但也面临一些问题，如：资料庞杂、人力难逮、语义模糊、文献间关联不清等，由此导致古代文献检索的不全面、不便捷，不利于古代针灸文献的当代传承与深度挖掘、利用。随着信息技术的快速发展与广泛应用，笔者在近十年来对运用信息技术整理研究古代针灸文献研究进行了初步探索。主要包括：其一、传统针灸知识体系语义网络构建：在系统考辨针灸学主要概念术语，明确其内涵外延、演变、相互关系的基础上，以本体论方法为指导，运用医学信息学技术，建立其知识源数据（针灸主要概念术语集），以TCMLS为参照，设置其语义类型，筛选语义关系，设计语义结构，构建传统针灸知识体系的语义网络，揭示针灸概念之间的隐性关系；其二、基于语义网络的传统针灸概念体系表示及应用研究：进一步扩展传统针灸概念术语集，使之规范化、层次化、组织化、结构化，在此前语义网络构建的基础上，运用protege工具，构建传统针灸知识本体，并基于本体构建语义检索系统；其三、基于语义相似度的古代散在针灸知识框架构建：基于针灸古籍分词系统，运用语义相似度计算工具，抽取语义相似段落，筛选概念术语，辨析其逻辑关系，构建层次清晰、结构合理、符合针灸学术发展规律的古代散在针灸知识框架。对于古代针灸文献研究而言，信息化建设是手段、方式，有助于显著提升对海量文献数据的处理与分析能力，促进古代针灸知识的科学化组织，厘清古代针灸学术的源流与谱系。对信息化建设而言，古代针灸文献的解读、针灸理论内涵的理解、针灸学术史的梳理，是前提与基础。因此，在坚持传统文献、理论研究方法的同时，恰当地运用信息技术，既能将古代针灸文献理论研究的成果更好地展示与利用，也能促进古代针灸文献理论的深化与拓展。概言之，古代针灸文献的信息化建设，对于古代针灸学术的现代传承与深度利用有重要理论意义与实践价值。

关键词：针灸；信息化；针灸本体；语义网络；针灸知识框架

Construction of informatization of ancient literatures of acupuncture and moxibustion

Feng YANG1, Ling ZHU2

(1 Institute of Acupuncture And Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700; 2 Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, CACMS,  Beijing 100700  )

Abstract:Background and Objective: Informatization construction of ancient acupuncture literature: The ancient acupuncture literature is rich, but scattered. In the past, traditional literature and theoretical research methods were used for its research, but some problems were also faced, such as: complicated data, difficult manpower, semantic ambiguity, unclear associations, etc., which led to the incomplete and inconvenient retrieval of ancient literature, which is not conducive to the contemporary inheritance and deep excavation and utilization of ancient acupuncture literature.With the rapid development and wide application of information technology, preliminary research has been carried out on the use of information technology to research on ancient acupuncture literature in the past decade.Firstly, the construction of the semantic network of the traditional acupuncture knowledge: The main conceptual terms of acupuncture and moxibustion have been clarified their connotation, evolution, and mutual relationship by applying informatics technology, such as ontology. Semantic type, semantic relations have been established with traditional Chinese medicine language system (TCMLS) as a reference. Semantic network of traditional acupuncture knowledge system has been constructed, which revealing the implicit relationship between acupuncture concepts; Secondly, application research based on semantic network of traditional acupuncture concept system: the traditional acupuncture concepts have been standardized, hierarchical and structured based on the previous semantic network construction with protégé 4.1. Semantic retrieval system has been constructed based on ontology.Thirdly, construction of ancient acupuncture knowledge framework based on semantic similarity: A clear hierarchy, reasonable structure has been constructed in line with the law of academic development of ancient acupuncture based on acupuncture ancient book segmentation system and semantic similarity calculation tool. Construction of informatization is a means and a way to help significantly improve the processing and analysis ability of massive literature data for the ancient acupuncture literature research, which could promote the scientific organization of ancient acupuncture knowledge, and clarify the origin and pedigree of ancient acupuncture academics.  

Keywords: acupuncture and moxibustion, informationalization, ontology of acupuncture and moxibustion, semantic network, framework of knowledge of acupuncture and moxibustion